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Semantics: how tests are used to fool people

7/2/2015

 
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Are you gullible enough to fall for it? Someone says one thing, but means another. Twisting words and their meanings...That's called semantics.

Definition of Semantics:  
  1. the study of meaning.
  2. the study of linguistic development by classifying and examining changes in meaning and form.

example: Bill Clinton used semantics to wiggle out of hot water by pretending not to understand the meaning of "sexual relations" with an intern.   Whether you hate him or love him, it worked.

another example:  We bet your kids have tried it.  Suuure their room is clean... just as long as you don't look under the bed or at all the stuff they crammed in their closet.  Suuure they ate their vegetables... if you count one niblet of corn and half a green bean.


Is it lying?  Well, ask yourself the opposite question:  Is it truthful?  

The Tennessee Department of Education, politicians, and reformers use semantics, too.  They deliberately use words to convince people of something that is not truthful.  Unfortunately, their scheme is working.  How do they do it?  They simply say that students aren't proficient.  Proficient.  That is the key word right there:  Proficient.

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What does that word, "proficient," mean to the average person?  Well, most people think it means that a student has at least a basic level of understanding to pass a test, right?   Most people assume that if a student is deemed proficient for a grade level, that student passed and is ready to be promoted to the next grade.  This leads people to assume that if a student is not proficient or scores below proficient, then the child has failed and needs to be held back to repeat the grade.  When it is applied to standardized testing, people naturally assume things.

For example, when you hear or see a scary statistic from a Tennessee politician or reformer like this:

"Only 43% of 3rd graders scored Proficient or above on the 2015 TCAP test!" 

You automatically think: "Oh my goodness only 43% of them passed, which means means that 57% of third graders are failing!  That means 57% of 3rd graders can't pass a Reading Test!  That means those children can't read!!!"  Thus, people are easily convinced that something drastic must be done like:    (insert the reform that benefits the politicians or reformers like: Common Core, more standardized testing, computerized intervention replacing teachers, firing teachers, getting rid of teacher unions and teacher associations, giving public schools to private charter operators, legalizing vouchers so that kids can escape these scary low test scores, data mining student's personal information without parental consent to find out why they aren't passing the tests, etc.)          

Stop.  Just hold your proficiency horses. Let's take a look at those Performance Levels on the TCAP test for grades 3-8.  We found this info on the TDOE website, but it is also on the TCAP result sheets that parents are supposed to get in the fall when they eventually receive their child's test results (You can click on the image to see the entire document):
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See how there are 4 different Achievement Levels?  4 different levels.  That's important to know and something the politicians don't mention.  Now the TDOE and testing company admit these performance levels do not correlate to the typical A,B,C,D,F grading scale for school report cards, but since the method of setting cut scores is not transparent, nobody in the public really knows.  But let's just look at each level.  Note: these descriptions and comparisons are our own:

  • ADVANCED:  (what many would consider an A+) Generally, these are the above average students who are probably in advanced or gifted programs.  They are super at taking standardized tests and picking the right answers.  The percentage of students that fall into this Advanced category is small as you'll see in the chart below.  Again, since the process of setting cut scores is not public, we can only suspect that this cut score is set high so that only a small percentage of students are classified as being in this category.  Generally, most kids in this category are affluent and have a strong network of family support.
  • PROFICIENT:  (what many would consider an A or B) Generally, these kids are natural learners, self-motivated, good at taking tests, smart, and/or have parents who make sure they do their homework? As you will see below on the chart, this category is a much larger percentage of students than the advanced category, if not the largest for some.  Generally, most students in this Proficient category eat 3 meals a day, get enough sleep each night, and probably have not been chronically hungry or in need.
  • BASIC:  (what many would consider a C)  These kids passed.  These kids passed!  These kids passed!!!  See that description in the image above?  It clearly says these students are minimally prepared for the next level of study.  They didn't fail!  They didn't fail!!  They didn't fail!!!  Generally, students in this category are generally middle-class, borderline poverty, have special needs or disabilities, or are students who just generally don't test well.  Generally.  This is a large percentage of students compared to the other categories, as you'll see below.   Again, these kids didn't fail the test and they are prepared enough, according to the state of Tennessee and the test manufacturer, to advance to the next grade.  Sadly, some districts and teachers call these basic students the "bubble children" because they are the ones that need to bubble more correct answers to bump up to the Proficient category to make their district look better.
  • Below Basic: (what many would consider a D or F)  Unfortunately, these students failed.  They are not prepared for the next level of study.  Notice that like the Advanced category, it is quite a small percentage of students, if not the smallest category on some of the tests.  Sadly, generally students in this category may be homeless, may not speak English, may have parents that work multiple jobs or be unemployed, may not have parents and are raised by relatives or in foster care, may have disabilities or special needs, may be dyslexic (or un-diagnosed dyslexic because 1 in 5 are), are victims of violence or dysfunctional homes, or just don't care about the test so they randomly bubble in answers.

Disclaimer: Of course, not every student fits into those categories. We've all known kids, or are raising kids of our own, that somehow aced a test despite never paying attention in class or doing homework.  And we've all known super-smart kids who bomb tests.  So these descriptions certainly don't reflect any of that.  Did you notice how many times we wrote, "generally," in our descriptions?  Momma Bears have been preaching for a long time now that children are so much more than test scores, so please don't send us hate mail about how your child doesn't fit into those categories or how we're just bitter because our kids didn't score Advanced (because some of our kids did).  Having said that, we will now return you to the original blog about the semantics shenanigans...


Politicians and the TDOE only mention 2 categories to the public (Proficient and Advanced).  See this pretty bar graph on a poster they showed to the news media last week when they released TCAP scores?
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See underneath the title at the top of the picture in smaller font where it says "Percentage of Students Proficient and Advanced by Subject"?  Hmmm... Why didn't they include the Basic kids???  Basic is passing!  Basic is okay.  Maybe we need a bumper sticker that says, "My kid is Basic and that is ok!"
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Why would they be dishonest?
You may be wondering why politicians and/or reformers would do this kind of untruthfulness?  To find the answer, you need to follow the money, honey.  The politicians and reformers are trying to convince you that our public schools are in "crisis."  There is money to be made from a crisis, lots of money, and change happens when there is a crisis.  So, they show misleading charts and say scary statistics.  They compare our state to other states and claim we are failing and falling behind (but they don't ever mention that the other states have less poverty, they fund their schools better than ours, they don't test every student, and those high-scoring states have strong teachers unions). 

That's how we got into the whole Race to the Top mess.  Reformers fed politicians untruths using the old "Proficient" category on the national NAEP test where Tennessee ranks low compared to other states.  (The NAEP test also has the same 4 categories of scoring as the TCAP).  It worked.  Legislators were convinced enough to vote that money must be thrown at consultants, Common Core, and even more standardized testing to improve Tennessee's ranking.  And legislators were convinced that Tennessee needs drastic measures like charter schools and vouchers to fix this make-believe crisis.

Okay, I believe you, but the failing students category is still not good
Some of you may be thinking, "there are still kids failing and that is not good enough!"  You're right.  We can do better. Students need smaller class sizes, more support from guidance counselors and specialists actually working in the schools, fully funded public schools, and proven methods of helping students learn instead of experimental computer programs.  You must realize, too, that some students may never pass those tests because of disabilities, or not speaking English, or just not caring about a test so they bubble in random answers.  Setting a goal of 100% of students passing (like No Child Left Behind mandated) is noble, but it is impossible unless those low-scoring students are kicked out of schools (like charter schools and private schools are allowed to do to inflate their scores).

What if every student passed?  Hallelujah!
But what if every student did amazingly well on the standardized test?  You know what would happen???  The cut scores would discreetly be moved on the tests before the results were announced, that's what.  Because the politicians and reformers can't have a test where every student passes (except in Lake Wobegon, of course.)  After all, the tests would be deemed too easy if students were doing so well on them.  Don't believe us?  Then what happened to the Social Studies TCAP test last year where every student in Tennessee passed?  (Click on this link to see the proof that every student in grades 3-8 passed)  Did you know that the TCAP Social Studies test wasn't even given this year and that it is being completely changed for next year to make it much, much harder?  (weird side question to ponder: How did every 3rd-8th grade student in Tennessee pass the Social Studies TCAP test, but not pass their TCAP Reading/English test???)  And what is TN about to spend $108 million dollars on next year?  Yep, a brand new harder and more rigorous tests that will have an even higher failure rate for English, Math, and Social Studies.  Say "hello" to the all new TNReady test, children.  

Kinda like Russian Roulette with tests instead of bullets...
Another thing worth pointing out about cut scores and percentages, if a student (or school or district) improves his/her score to move up a category, then that means another student (or school or district) somewhere in the state gets bumped down a category.  These cut scores and percentages are determined in such a secret manner that nobody knows how or why.  And nobody ever really questions it.  Here is an excellent link to how this monkey-business of tinkering with cut scores really works.  In that link, you'll see some eye-opening graphs that explain how these categories, percentages, and cut scores are moved and manipulated, so, you should definitely read it after you finish reading our blog.

Back to the question you're all asking...

So how many students in Tennessee actually passed?  

See for yourself on this chart we downloaded from the TDOE and added red ink to:  
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See?  The sky isn't falling!  Those are some high numbers for passing rates!  Why isn't this a headline on the front of newspapers?  Why aren't politicians throwing flowers at teachers, bestowing raises upon them, and kissing teachers' feet for this great news?  You know the answer to that... it doesn't fit their agenda.
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The public has been duped into believing that a scary high percentage of students are failing, when that is clearly not the case.  Even worse this year, the Tennessee Department of Education used fishy math to determine the quick scores for student report cards.  The fishy math is called the cubed root formula, and it inflated the low scores big-time.  It was a sneaky way to fool parents into thinking the test is great because their own child scored so highly on it, and it also tricks parents into thinking that Common Core must be magically working.  It is not truthful.

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So now what?
Well, parents, now that we know the truth, what are we gonna do about it?  The answer is that we're gonna tell others.  Spread the news!  Share this blog!  Talk to your legislators!  Tell them to fix this broken system.  Tell them to listen to and trust teachers and parents.  Tell them we need Testing Transparency in Tennessee!  These tests carry too much weight to be manipulated like this.  These tests should never ever be used to evaluate teachers.  Some parents may wish to opt their children out of the tests.  Tell your legislator to pass a law that will parents the explicit right to refuse/opt-out of tests for their children.  Oh, and be sure to sign and share this petition calling for Testing Transparency in Tennessee.  The testing system is clearly rigged.  We won't fall for their semantics baloney anymore.  They have lost our trust! 
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Public School Advocacy Groups across TN Issue Call for Testing Transparency

6/1/2015

 
Momma Bears is proud to be a part of a coalition of education advocacy groups who are calling for a change in standardized testing. We believe it is wrong how tests are used as weapons to harm students, teachers, and schools.  Momma Bears are opposed to scarce tax dollars being wasted on tests when class sizes are too large, there is not enough support staff in schools, and important things like music, art, sports, and recess have been cut or eliminated due to the increasing cost and time of testing.  

Here is the press release about the awesome statement these groups are making
:

PRESS RELEASE: 


PUBLIC SCHOOL ADVOCACY GROUPS 
ACROSS TENNESSEE ISSUE CALL FOR TESTING TRANSPARENCY
TCAP questions spark call for accountability

(Nashville, TN) – More than a dozen grassroots organizations that support strong public schools across Tennessee are joining together to demand accountability from the Tennessee Department of Education in the wake of confusion created by the latest release of “quick scores” and associated raw “cut scores” from recent TCAP tests.

“The correlation between the quick scores and the raw cut scores is not well understood,” said Lyn Hoyt, President of Tennesseans Reclaiming Educational Excellence (TREE). “The Department of Education has not communicated well with school systems or the general public. What do these scores mean? How do they determine cut scores? What’s the math involved in pre-equating and post-equating?  These are among the questions we believe the DOE should have already answered. We’re calling on Commissioner McQueen to provide clear, direct answers immediately.”

The groups are jointly distributing a petition outlining some basic principles regarding testing going forward. The petition includes the following four principles that all groups believe should guide Tennessee testing policy going forward: 

1.     The process for determining cut scores should be clear and cut scores should be set and released before tests are administered.

2.     Tests must be transparent. Questions and answers should be available within a reasonable time after test administration.

3.     Standardized test scores should not be counted as a portion of a student’s final grade.

4.     Standardized test scores should not be used in teacher evaluation.

We believe these principles are fair and represent what parents want: Fair tests used to assess student learning relative to standards. By adopting these principles and the policies they would necessitate, we can return testing to its rightful place as one of many tools used to improve education, instead of the ultimate measure of student and teacher performance. 

It’s imperative that we move toward testing transparency – access to the questions and answers on the standardized tests – in order to ensure the tests are reliable and valid assessments of the standards being tested.

We’re calling on the Department of Education to take immediate action to address these concerns.

Groups participating in this network include:
TREE (Tennesseans Reclaiming Educational Excellence)
Strong Schools (Sumner County)
Williamson Strong (Williamson County)
SPEAK (Students, Parents, Educators Across Knox County)
SOCM (Statewide Organizing for Community eMpowerment)
Momma Bears
Gideon's Army, Grassroots Army for Children (Nashville)
Advocates for Change in Education (Hamilton County)
Concerned Parents of Franklin County (Franklin County)
The Dyslexia Spot
Parents of Wilson County, TN, Schools
Friends of Oak Ridge Schools (City of Oak Ridge Schools)
TNBATs (State branch of National BATs)
East Nashville United

###

Momma Bears defend and support children and public schools.  Momma Bears believe that quality public education is a right for every child.  We strive to protect our children, our public schools, and the teachers who nurture, inspire, and protect our children.   www.mommabears.org 

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   TAKE ACTION:

Momma Bears urge you to sign and share this online petition:  It is super-easy and only takes a few seconds to sign. 

https://www.change.org/p/bill-haslam-candice-mcqueen-tn-department-of-education-institute-fair-testing-policies-for-statewide-testing

Then contact the following leaders and let them know you want testing transparency:
  • Commissioner McQueen - Commissioner.McQueen@tn.gov 
  • Governor Haslam - bill.haslam@tn.gov 

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Magical test results in Tennessee

5/22/2015

 
Reports about the unbelievable TCAP and EOC scores are flooding social media this week as final report cards are sent to parents.  Teachers are skeptical that students improved so dramatically.  People are wondering if the scores were inflated to make parents happy, and worry the artificially inflated scores will penalize them in their evaluations in future years using the secret mathematical TVAAS formula that tells if a teacher is good or bad using student test scores.  The TVAAS formula was originally invented to predict livestock growth, and our state is using it to rate teachers. Crazy. You just can't make this stuff up, people.  And that's also a big reason why some parents want to refuse this standardized testing for their children.

Some teachers question how their students earned scores of 97, 98, and 99 on a test with only 55 questions.  The one-point difference doesn't make logical sense.  Since teachers and parents will never get to see the test questions, answers, or how the tests were scored, it will forever remain a great mystery.
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Momma Bears received this insightful comment in response to our blog yesterday about testing.  It is from a Tennessee teacher and it raises a lot of questions, including one we hadn't even considered... 
I really liked your comment about Candace McQueen's kids not taking TNReady!

I also noticed that you mention the good reports coming out about TCAP. I agree, the reports are great! My fellow teachers and I were amazed by our student's TCAP scores. They were amazing. They were too amazing. Those scores were so inflated it was unreal. I have no idea how they fool with the numbers, but I had students who read on a 3rd grade level who had grades between 80-90% on the cut score. I teach 6th grade. The math teacher had the same concerns. We had students with IEP's who were scoring in the newly elevated advanced category. Now don't get me wrong, We had bright, hardworking kids. We worked hard all year to improve our literacy and numeracy skills, but there's just no way some of my kids improved to that level.

The teachers I work with believe these fluffed scores serve three purposes. First, they enable the state to claim that the "reforms" they have instituted. Second, since TCAP scores factor into exceptional ed eligibility, I believe that these scores will be used to reduce the number of students who are eligible to receive services. Finally, I believe these scores will eventually be used against teachers. Once the new standards are implemented, I believe the scores will drip significantly, making it easier to fire teachers, close schools, and usher in for-profit charters.

I have limited leeway to question these scores. I have an extremely retaliatory administration, and my district has no backbone. I believe the Mommabears have done an excellent job standing up for Tennessee schools and students and I wanted to make you aware of the concerns lots of teachers have with these scores.

Keep up the good fight!


- a Tennessee teacher who wishes to remain anonymous

Could it be...
  • these test scores are artificially high to prevent parental opt-outs next year for the new TN Ready test?
  • these TCAP scores will be used to keep children out of SPED who really need it?
  • students are being set up to fail next year when the new TN Ready test is implemented? (a manufactured crisis to justify the privatization of public education)
  • that the scores were inflated to make certain politicians look good? and make their agendas (like common core and charter schools) appear that they are magically working?
  • these inflated scores will show "growth" in the state's ASD district schools which have test score averages lower than they were before when they were originally public schools?

Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. and Absolutely YES! 

This letter below that was sent from Commissioner Candice McQueen to Directors of Schools in Tennessee confirms that these test scores are not consistent or comparable from year to year, and warns against jumping to conclusions about proficiency levels before the TDOE has set them:
Directors,

I want to thank you for your work in finalizing student demographic and teacher claiming information to close this year's TCAP cycle. I know many of you have received your quick scores for student grading and are anxious to understand more about your district's overall performance. Though the department made the decision in 2014 to stop associating TCAP performance levels with quick score results, we do want to provide information as accurately, transparently, and quickly as possible. 

To that end, the division of data and research will provide a detailed communication regarding quick score use and interpretation in our May 27 Director Update, followed by a release of preliminary data regarding quick score relationships to raw scores and cut scores to determine proficient (versus non-proficient) on June 1. For now, I caution you to avoid communicating any results regarding proficiency rates based on the 2015 quick scores using performance level relationships that were last calculated and communicated in 2013. 

Quick scores are generated for use in student grading only. As such, there will not necessarily be a consistent relationship between quick scores and performance levels for achievement from year to year. Performance levels are determined first by raw score to scale score conversions and then through cut-scores defined by the standards setting process. Over the next couple of months, we will engage our TOSS working group for accountability in further conversation about how we address quick scores during the transition to TNReady. In the meantime, please look for the memo in the May 27 Director Update and the follow-up information on June 1. As a reminder, we will also include this timeline in today’s Director Update.

Best,
Candice
Until we have both transparency with the test questions and transparency with how the cut scores are determined, these tests serve little purpose other than being used as weapons against our public schools.

Petition warfare

7/9/2014

 
Momma Bears are flattered that our petition (Stop Hurting Our Schools: Remove Kevin Huffman as Commissioner of Education) is receiving so many new signatures in the past 48 hours!  Apparently, it is now in a little petition popularity contest!  
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See, Kevin Huffman's fan club (people who wouldn't like him if they weren't getting so rich from his "leadership"... who would surely hate his guts if their own children attended public schools and were forced to do all these standardized tests and crazy common coreishness... or if their spouse worked in a real public school for an honest paycheck and was judged by that mathematical TVAAS cattle-growth formula to show her worth), well, they need to protect their pocketbooks.  They know Huffman is in hot water after the whole TCAP mess, his tampering with the TCAP questions and cut scores, his illegally granting waivers to districts, and just last week his harsh announcement that there will be no mercy for SPED students when it comes to testing.  

Rumors abound about Huffman's time left in Tennessee, but you gotta admit he's a tough booger for taking the heat for Governor Haslam's awful decisions for so long.  (Governor Haslam is only doing what Jeb Bush tells him to do following the step-by-step list on how to ride on coat-tails to the White House.)  The word that has trickled down to us common folks that Governor Haslam was so stinking mad at the 15 brave legislators who signed a letter to remove Huffman that Governor Haslam decided to keep Huffman around a little longer just out of spite.

Speculation about who will replace Huffman range from Freddy Krueger to Voldemort.  The profitability of either villain bodes well for reformers (both did well in the movie Box Office), so the future looks bleak for public schools under Governor Haslam's leadership.  Unless Haslam suddenly grows a heart and puts a real educator with compassion in that position, public education in Tennessee looks bleak.
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By the way, we are hearing great things about 2 candidates for Governor!  John McKamey (Democrat) and Shaun Crowell (Constitution Party) are both against Common Core and support strong public schools! They don't have nearly the war chest of campaign money that Governor Haslam has, but we Momma Bears believe in miracles, happy endings, and the power of voting parents. 

Anyway, read all about the pathetic petition to save Huffman's neck at this link.  You can see all the fancy-pants people that signed it who send their own kids to private schools and also about the naive young'uns at TN DOE, ASD, and TFA who are recently out of college and have nice, cushy jobs bossing hardworking teachers around.  

Call to action:  Blitz Gov. Haslam

5/21/2014

 
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This is it. We have had enough. We have dealt with enough nonsense from Kevin Huffman and the Tennessee Department of Education. He has promoted the excessive testing in our schools (including harmful testing of Kindergarten - 2nd grade children), promoted common core, supported policies that will destroy neighborhood schools, demeaned and disrespected teachers, etc., etc., etc. 

We have tried to speak up. We have "liked" and "shared" anti-Huffman Facebook pages, signed petitions, and spoken to our legislators. But the recent mess with the TDOE not having TCAP scores ready in time for final report card grades is the last straw. 

It’s time to do this, Momma Bears:

1) Contact your legislators and let them know how you feel about Kevin Huffman and the DOE. (Click here to find the contact information for your legislators.) Be sure to CC it on to Governor Haslam too. (bill.haslam@tn.gov)  
Feel free to use the following text in your email: 
Dear Gov. Haslam, Sen.__________, and Rep. _____________,

I am incredibly disappointed that our appointed Education Commissioner and the DOE did not have TCAP quick scores ready on time to be used in my child’s grades. I am also upset that the DOE did not notify districts until the last minute, and that all of the test anxiety my child experienced meant nothing.  This delay and failure to notify districts makes parents speculate if the test results are being manipulated.  



Kevin Huffman’s incompetency is an embarrassment to our state and I am requesting that he be immediately removed from his position as commissioner. A qualified educator should be appointed as Tennessee's Commissioner of Education. Our children deserve no less.

Furthermore, we request a full audit of the funds for the state education department... particularly the spending done by Huffman, including who received the funds through no-bid contracts.  

Sincerely,
(include your town)
2) Call Governor Haslam’s office at least once a day, if not more, and let them know that you believe that Huffman is incompetent and you want him fired immediately.  His phone number is: 615-741-2001

3) Share this with your friends and ask them to do the same thing. 

4) Keep calling Haslam’s office until Huffman is fired or resigns. 


We must flood Governor Haslam’s office with calls and emails. If we keep speaking up, we will be heard. Don't be afraid to use your Momma Bear voices.  You could even use his full birth name, just like you do on your kids so they know Momma means business!  

           "William Edward Haslam, you know better!"
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    Momma Bears

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